Contents

Unit-1                                                9
What is Language?
What is Philosophy of Language?
Nature of Philosophy of Language
Relation between Language and World
Philosophy of Language and Its Relation to Major Branches of Philosophy
Scope of Philosophy of Language
History of Philosophy of Language
Questions
Unit-II: Theories of Meaning         51
Introduction to Theories of Meaning
Ideational Theory of Meaning: Locke
The Ideational Theory of Meaning in John Locke: Language, Ideas, and the Foundations of Empiricism
Verifiability Theory of Meaning: Ayer
The Verifiability Theory of Meaning in A. J. Ayer: Empiricism, Logical Positivism, and the Limits of Meaning
Use Theory of Meaning: Wittgenstein
The Use Theory of Meaning in Ludwig Wittgenstein: Language-Games, Rule-Following, and the Reorientation of Philosophy
Questions
Unit-III: Theories of Truth             83
Meaning of truth and error
Different theories of truth: Tests or Criteria of truth
Correspondence Theory of Truth

Types of Correspondence Theory of Truth
The Philosophical Significance of the Correspondence Theory of Truth
Coherence Theory of Truth
Types of the Coherence Theory of truth
Relation of Coherence Theory and Other Philosophical Theories
Pragmatic Theory of Truth
Philosophical Significance of the Pragmatic Theory of Truth
Self-Evident Theory of Truth
Questions
Unit-IV                                        119
Speech Act Theory of Action
Background and History of J. L. Austin's Speech Act Theory
Performative and Constative Utterance Types of Performatives Locutionary Act, Illocutionary Act, and Perlocutionary Act
Types of Constative
Conditions for Happy Performatives
The Locutionary Act
The Illocutionary Act
Classes of Illocutionary act
The Perlocutionary Act
Theory of Illocutionary Forces
Seven Components of Illocutionary Force
Language as Action: From Performative Utterances to Illocutionary Force
Questions